Blood Disorders/ Homeostatic Imbalances:
Red Blood Cell Disorders:
Anemia
Anemia is a disease where someone has a low hematocrit.
Symptoms include; lethargy, confusion, and weakness.
Some causes of anemia; Iron deficiency (diets, heavy bleeding, and lead poisoning)
Sickle- Cell anemia; a change in amino acids.
http://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/pathology/images/irondeficiencyanemia40x02.jpg
Symptoms include; lethargy, confusion, and weakness.
Some causes of anemia; Iron deficiency (diets, heavy bleeding, and lead poisoning)
Sickle- Cell anemia; a change in amino acids.
http://www.microscopyu.com/staticgallery/pathology/images/irondeficiencyanemia40x02.jpg
Sickle- Cell Anemia
Sickle- Cell anemia is caused by a change in the DNA chain, it changes the amino acid chain which effects the production of hemoglobin. Sickle- Cells appear like fingernail clippings. The biggest problem is the blood cells are not shaped to flow like the normal biconcave shape, so they sickle- cells become stuck and it reduces the flow of oxygen given to the bodies tissues. Sickle- cell anemia is a hereditary trait, and it is very common in African people.
http://blogs.longwood.edu/oliviamorrissette/files/2012/10/sickle-cell1.jpg
http://blogs.longwood.edu/oliviamorrissette/files/2012/10/sickle-cell1.jpg
Blood Doping
Blood doping is mainly found in athletes. Blood doping is when a person draws blood out of their body, only to re- inject it into the blood stream later. The extra blood cells allow for more oxygen to be delivered to your body, for better athletic performance. This is illegal, and the extra blood causes the heart to work harder to pump all the blood through the vessels.
http://i110.photobucket.com/albums/n92/osmosisazman/doping.jpg
http://i110.photobucket.com/albums/n92/osmosisazman/doping.jpg
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Hemoglobinuria
This disease occurs when a large amount of red blood cells break and they are excreted through the kidneys. This turns the urine a brown or red color.
http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/figures/1752-1947-5-550-1.jpg
http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/figures/1752-1947-5-550-1.jpg
Hematuria
When damage has occurred to the kidneys, the whole red blood cell can be found in the urine.
http://www.kidney-support.org/uploads/allimg/121216/3-1212160I331318.jpg
http://www.kidney-support.org/uploads/allimg/121216/3-1212160I331318.jpg
Jaundice
Jaundice happens when the liver can't absorb bilirubin, bile ducts are blocked, and a babies liver is not fully functioning. It is then spread to other tissues, causing them to have a yellowish color, even the eyes. With infants, it may collect in the brain, and cause brain damage.
http://www.rayur.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Jaundice-on-face-view.jpg
http://www.rayur.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Jaundice-on-face-view.jpg
Thrombus
Thrombus starts out as a normal clot, and then it continues to travel in an unbroken blood vessel. It can become lodged in arteries, if it becomes detached it is called an embolus.
http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v17/n11/images_article/nm.2515-F2.jpg
http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v17/n11/images_article/nm.2515-F2.jpg
Thrombocytopenia
This imbalance is where there are not a sufficient amount of platelets. Small blood vessels can break easily, and it can be seen by small purplish dots showing on the skin called, petechiae. This disorder can sometimes be cured by Vitamin K supplements.
http://childrenshospital.org/az/Site1138/Images/ITP_lrg.gif
http://childrenshospital.org/az/Site1138/Images/ITP_lrg.gif
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is also know as the royal disease. It is a bleeding disorder, the blood does not properly clot. This can be caused by genetics, blood thinners, etc.
http://www.hemophiliavillage.com/_img/what-is-hemophilia.jpg
http://www.hemophiliavillage.com/_img/what-is-hemophilia.jpg
White Blood Cell Disorders:
Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis occurs when there are over 11,000 white blood cells/ microliter compared to the usual 6,000 to 9,000. This generally means their is a viral, or bacterial infection present.
http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case56/images/micro4.jpg
http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case56/images/micro4.jpg
Leukopenia
This is just the opposite, it is when the white blood cell count is low. This is usually due to anti- cancer drugs, or just drugs.
http://img.medscape.com/fullsize/migrated/424/997/mn424997.fig1.jpg
http://img.medscape.com/fullsize/migrated/424/997/mn424997.fig1.jpg
Leukemia
Leukemia is when the white blood cells count is 100,000 cells/ microliter. The different kids of leukemia vary, as there are many different types of white blood cells, and the level (stage) at which they are affected. The most common type is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and accounts for 80% of leukemia in children. It is deadly, if not treated.
http://medicalyx.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Leukemia.jpg
http://medicalyx.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Leukemia.jpg